Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is far more than a condition that causes pelvic pain or urinary symptoms. Many men also experience changes in their sexual health, including erectile dysfunction, pain during or after ejaculation, reduced sexual desire (libido), premature ejaculation and difficulty achieving orgasm.

Studies suggest that 30–60% of men with CPPS report erectile dysfunction, while painful ejaculation affects a substantial proportion of patients. Sexual symptoms often occur alongside urinary frequency, urgency and chronic pelvic pain, significantly reducing quality of life.

The encouraging news is that these problems are often treatable. Unlike conditions caused by permanent nerve damage, sexual dysfunction in CPPS is frequently related to pelvic floor muscle tension, chronic pain, altered nerve signalling and psychological stress. As these factors improve, sexual function frequently improves as well.

This article explains why CPPS affects sexual function, how it influences erections, ejaculation and libido, what the latest research shows and which treatments are most effective.

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Does chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) affect sexual function?

The short answer is yes.

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What is chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS)?

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Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is the commonest form of prostatitis, accounting for approximately 90–95% of prostatitis diagnoses.

Unlike acute bacterial prostatitis, CPPS is usually not caused by an ongoing bacterial infection. Instead, it is now recognised as a complex pain condition involving several body systems.

Researchers believe that symptoms develop because of a combination of:

• Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction.
• Nerve sensitisation.
• Chronic inflammation.
• Abnormal pain processing by the nervous system.
• Lower urinary tract dysfunction.
• Psychological stress.
• Altered pelvic blood flow.

This explains why no two patients experience exactly the same symptoms.

Some men develop mainly urinary problems.

Others experience persistent pelvic pain.

Many people experience both sexual dysfunction and depression together.

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What does the latest research show about CPPS and sexual function?

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One of the strongest pieces of evidence comes from a 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis involving 20,127 men, which examined the relationship between chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) and male sexual dysfunction. The analysis confirmed that sexual problems are considerably more common in men with CPPS than in men without the condition.

The researchers found the following:

• 59% experienced some form of sexual dysfunction.
• 34% reported erectile dysfunction.
• 35% experienced premature ejaculation.

These findings highlight that sexual dysfunction is not an uncommon complication but an important part of the condition itself. They also reinforce the need for clinicians to ask about sexual symptoms routinely, as many men feel embarrassed to raise these concerns during consultations.

The review also demonstrated that men with more severe pelvic pain generally experienced greater impairment in sexual function. This supports the modern understanding that reducing pelvic pain, improving pelvic floor muscle function and addressing psychological wellbeing often lead to improvements in sexual health as well as urinary symptoms and overall quality of life.

Rather than treating erectile dysfunction or painful ejaculation as isolated problems, current evidence supports treating the underlying CPPS using a personalised, multimodal approach.

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Why does CPPS affect sexual function?

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One of the biggest misconceptions is that erections depend only on blood flow.

In reality, normal sexual function requires several body systems to work together.

These include:

• Healthy pelvic floor muscles.
• Normal nerve function.
• Good blood supply.
• Balanced hormone levels.
• Psychological wellbeing.
• Freedom from chronic pain.

CPPS has the potential to affect every one of these systems.

Rather than there being a single cause of sexual dysfunction, several mechanisms often occur simultaneously.

This is why treatment usually needs to address more than one contributing factor.

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Can CPPS cause erectile dysfunction?

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Yes.

Erectile dysfunction is one of the commonest sexual problems experienced by men with CPPS.

Research suggests that men with chronic pelvic pain are significantly more likely to report erectile difficulties than men of the same age without CPPS.

For some men, erectile dysfunction develops gradually.

Others notice that erections become unreliable only during symptom flare-ups.

This pattern strongly suggests that the problem is functional rather than permanent.

Unlike erectile dysfunction caused by severe vascular disease or diabetes, CPPS-related erectile dysfunction often improves when the underlying pelvic pain improves.

Several mechanisms contribute.

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Can chronic pain reduce sexual arousal?

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Pain changes the way the brain processes sexual stimulation.

When the body is constantly dealing with discomfort, attention naturally shifts away from sexual desire.

Many men become anxious that intercourse will worsen their symptoms.

Over time this anticipation of pain may itself contribute to erectile dysfunction.

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Can CPPS affect orgasm?

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Although erectile dysfunction receives most attention, many men with CPPS also notice changes in the quality of orgasm.

Some describe:

• Less pleasurable orgasms.
• Painful orgasms.
• Delayed orgasm.
• Difficulty reaching orgasm.
• A feeling that orgasm is "different" from before symptoms started.

These changes are thought to result from the same mechanisms responsible for other CPPS symptoms.

During orgasm, the pelvic floor muscles contract rhythmically while the prostate, seminal vesicles and surrounding nerves work together to produce ejaculation. If the pelvic floor muscles are excessively tight or the pelvic nerves have become sensitised, these normal contractions may become painful or less coordinated.

Psychological factors also contribute. Anxiety, fear of pain and reduced confidence may alter sexual arousal, making orgasm more difficult to achieve.

The encouraging news is that these changes often improve alongside improvements in pelvic pain. Many men report gradual recovery of normal orgasm once tension in the pelvic floor muscles decreases and overall symptoms become better controlled.

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Can CPPS cause pelvic floor muscle tension?

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One of the most important advances in CPPS research has been recognising the role of the pelvic floor muscles.

These muscles support the bladder, bowel and prostate while also playing an essential role during erections and ejaculation.

In many men with CPPS these muscles remain excessively tight.

This constant contraction may:

• Reduce blood flow within the pelvis.
• Compress small nerves.
• Cause pain during erections.
• Trigger painful ejaculation.
• Interfere with normal erectile function.

This explains why pelvic floor physiotherapy has become an important component of modern CPPS management.

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Can chronic prostatitis lead to nerve sensitisation?

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Persistent inflammation and chronic pain can make nerves within the pelvis increasingly sensitive.

This process, known as nerve sensitisation, means that even normal sensations may become uncomfortable or painful.

Sensitive nerves may also interfere with the complex signalling required to achieve and maintain erections.

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Psychological stress is a recognised effect of CPPS

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Living with chronic pain is emotionally exhausting.

Many men begin to worry about the following:

• Their relationships.
• Their fertility.
• Their masculinity.
• Whether symptoms will ever improve.

These concerns naturally increase anxiety.

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Unfortunately, anxiety itself makes erections more difficult to achieve, creating a vicious cycle.

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Why does CPPS cause pain during or after ejaculation?

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For many patients, pain after ejaculation is actually the symptom that finally leads them to seek medical advice.

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The discomfort may occur.

• During orgasm.
• Immediately afterwards.
• Several minutes later.
• Occasionally lasting for hours.

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Pain may be felt:

• At the tip of the penis.
• Within the prostate.
• Between the scrotum and anus (the perineum).
• In the testicles.
• Deep within the pelvis.

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This symptom can be particularly distressing because many men begin to avoid sexual activity altogether.

There are several possible explanations.

During ejaculation the pelvic floor muscles contract rhythmically to propel semen through the urethra.

If these muscles are already tight or painful, each contraction may trigger discomfort.

Inflammation within tissues surrounding the prostate may also increase sensitivity during ejaculation.

In addition, irritated pelvic nerves may amplify pain signals, causing otherwise normal muscle contractions to become painful.

Fortunately, pain after ejaculation often improves as pelvic floor muscle tension decreases and overall CPPS symptoms become better controlled.

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Can pelvic floor muscle dysfunction cause erectile dysfunction?

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Increasing evidence suggests that yes, it can.

The pelvic floor is often overlooked when discussing erectile dysfunction, yet it performs several essential functions during sexual activity.

Healthy pelvic floor muscles help:

• Maintain erections by supporting blood flow within the penis.
• Coordinate ejaculation.
• Support orgasm.
• Relax appropriately after ejaculation.

In men with CPPS these muscles frequently become chronically overactive rather than weak.

This persistent tension may reduce blood flow, irritate nerves and contribute to pain.

Because of this, many specialists now consider pelvic floor physiotherapy to be one of the most important non-drug treatments for CPPS-related sexual dysfunction.

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Can CPPS reduce libido (sexual desire)?

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Yes. Many men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome notice that their interest in sex gradually declines.

This reduction in libido is often misunderstood. Some men worry that their testosterone levels have fallen or that they are "losing their masculinity". In reality, reduced sexual desire is usually caused by the combination of chronic pain, stress, fatigue and anxiety rather than a problem with hormone production.

Unlike erectile dysfunction, which affects the body's ability to achieve or maintain an erection, libido begins in the brain.

Sexual desire depends upon:

• Physical wellbeing.
• Emotional wellbeing.
• Healthy relationships.
• Confidence.
• Freedom from pain.
• Adequate sleep.

CPPS can interfere with every one of these factors.

Many men describe entering a cycle in which they avoid sexual activity because they anticipate pain during or after ejaculation. Over time, this avoidance may reduce confidence, increase anxiety and further suppress sexual desire.

Fortunately, reduced libido caused by CPPS often improves as pelvic pain becomes better controlled and confidence returns.

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Can CPPS cause premature ejaculation?

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Yes. Premature ejaculation appears to be more common in men with CPPS than in the general population.

Premature ejaculation means ejaculating sooner than desired, often with little control and before both partners wish intercourse to end.

The exact relationship between CPPS and premature ejaculation is still being studied, but several mechanisms are likely to contribute.

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Pelvic floor muscle overactivity

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Chronically tight pelvic floor muscles may become overactive during sexual stimulation.

This increased muscle activity may accelerate ejaculation while simultaneously increasing discomfort afterwards.

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Increased nerve sensitivity

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Inflammation and nerve sensitisation can make the penis and pelvic floor more sensitive to stimulation.

This heightened sensitivity may shorten the time to ejaculation.

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Anxiety

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Many men become anxious about triggering pelvic pain.

Ironically, this anxiety often increases muscle tension and may contribute to earlier ejaculation.

This illustrates how physical symptoms and psychological factors often reinforce one another in CPPS.

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Can CPPS delay orgasm?

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Although less commonly discussed, some men experience the opposite problem.

Instead of ejaculating too quickly, they find it increasingly difficult to reach orgasm.

This may occur because:

• Pelvic pain distracts from sexual stimulation.
• Pelvic floor muscles fail to coordinate normally.
• Chronic pain alters nerve signalling.
• Anxiety interrupts sexual arousal.

Delayed orgasm can be just as distressing as premature ejaculation and may lead couples to avoid intimacy altogether.

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Can CPPS affect fertility?

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This is a question many patients are reluctant to ask.

The reassuring answer is that most men with CPPS remain fertile.

Unlike chronic bacterial prostatitis, CPPS is usually not associated with ongoing infection.

Although some studies have demonstrated increased oxidative stress and mild changes in semen quality in selected men with CPPS, current evidence does not suggest that CPPS commonly causes permanent infertility.

For most men:

• Sperm production remains normal.
• Testosterone levels remain normal.
• Fertility is preserved.

If fertility problems do occur, they are often temporary and may improve as symptoms become better controlled.

For a detailed discussion of fertility, sperm quality and DNA fragmentation, see our article:

Can Prostatitis Cause Infertility or Prostate Cancer?

This internal link strengthens your prostatitis cluster while avoiding unnecessary repetition.

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The pain–anxiety–muscle tension cycle

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One of the most important concepts in CPPS is that symptoms often feed into one another.

Many men assume that pelvic pain is caused entirely by inflammation.

Modern research suggests something much more complex.

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A typical cycle may look like this:

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Pelvic pain develops.

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The pelvic floor muscles tighten to protect the painful area.

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Muscle tension increases.

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Blood flow becomes less efficient.

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Nerves become irritated.

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Pain becomes worse.

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The patient becomes anxious about symptoms.

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Anxiety further increases muscle tension.

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Sexual function deteriorates.

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Confidence falls.

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The cycle continues.

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Understanding this cycle is important because it explains why treating inflammation alone is often insufficient.

Breaking the cycle usually requires addressing several factors simultaneously.

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How does CPPS affect relationships?

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The effects of CPPS extend far beyond physical symptoms.

Many men report that chronic pelvic pain affects:

• Intimacy.
• Confidence.
• Communication.
• Mood.
• Relationships.
• Overall quality of life.

Fear of pain after ejaculation often leads patients to avoid sexual activity.

Partners may misunderstand this change, assuming that attraction has been lost.

In reality, many men simply fear worsening their symptoms.

Open communication is therefore extremely important.

Understanding that sexual dysfunction is a recognised consequence of CPPS—not a personal failure—can reduce anxiety for both partners.

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Can treating CPPS improve sexual function?

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For many men, yes.

One of the most encouraging findings from recent research is that sexual dysfunction often improves alongside improvements in pelvic pain.

This occurs because treatment addresses the underlying mechanisms contributing to symptoms.

Rather than focusing solely on erections, modern management aims to improve:

• Pelvic floor muscle function.
• Urinary symptoms.
• Chronic pain.
• Psychological wellbeing.
• Confidence.
• Quality of life.

As these improve, erections, ejaculation and libido frequently improve as well.

This is particularly reassuring because it suggests that CPPS-related sexual dysfunction is often reversible rather than permanent.

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What does the latest research show?

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Research over the last decade has consistently demonstrated that sexual dysfunction is significantly more common in men with CPPS than in men without chronic pelvic pain.

Studies have reported:

• Erectile dysfunction in approximately 30–60% of men with CPPS.
• Higher rates of painful ejaculation.
• Increased premature ejaculation.
• Reduced sexual satisfaction.
• Lower relationship satisfaction.
• Reduced overall quality of life.

Importantly, symptom severity appears to correlate with sexual dysfunction.

In other words, men with more severe pelvic pain generally report greater impairment of sexual function.

This supports the concept that treating CPPS itself is often the most effective way of improving sexual health.

Rather than treating erectile dysfunction in isolation, addressing the underlying pelvic pain, muscle dysfunction and psychological factors frequently leads to broader improvements across all aspects of sexual function.

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Which treatments improve sexual function in chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS)?

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One of the most reassuring aspects of CPPS is that sexual dysfunction is often reversible. Unlike conditions caused by permanent nerve injury or severe vascular disease, the sexual problems associated with CPPS frequently improve as pelvic pain and muscle dysfunction are successfully treated.

Modern management no longer focuses on a single treatment. Instead, specialists use a multimodal approach, combining therapies that target the different factors responsible for symptoms.

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Pelvic floor physiotherapy

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Many experts now consider pelvic floor physiotherapy one of the most important treatments for men with CPPS.

Studies suggest that up to 92% of men attending specialist pelvic pain clinics have evidence of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction. Rather than strengthening the muscles, treatment focuses on reducing excessive muscle tension, improving breathing, correcting posture and teaching relaxation techniques.

As pelvic floor function improves, many men notice:

• Less pelvic pain.
• Reduced pain during or after ejaculation.
• Improved erectile function.
• Better bladder control.
• Greater confidence during sexual activity.

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Tadalafil (Cialis)

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Tadalafil is best known as a treatment for erectile dysfunction, but increasing evidence suggests it can also improve urinary symptoms, quality of life and sexual function in selected men with CPPS.

Clinical studies have shown that approximately half of appropriately selected men experience a clinically meaningful improvement in symptoms following daily tadalafil therapy. The benefits appear greatest in men who have urinary symptoms together with erectile dysfunction.

Tadalafil is most effective when used as part of a broader treatment programme rather than as a standalone treatment.

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Psychological support

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Living with chronic pain affects far more than the pelvis.

Persistent symptoms may increase:

• Anxiety.
• Depression.
• Fear of sexual activity.
• Reduced self-confidence.
• Relationship difficulties.

Addressing these psychological effects is not an admission that symptoms are "all in the mind". Instead, it recognises that chronic pain affects both the body and the brain.

Reducing anxiety often decreases pelvic floor muscle tension, helping to break the pain–anxiety cycle that maintains symptoms.

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Regular exercise

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Regular physical activity has been shown to improve chronic pain, reduce stress and enhance overall wellbeing.

For many men with CPPS, low-impact activities such as:

• Walking.
• Swimming.
• Yoga.
• Pilates.
• Gentle stretching.

are particularly helpful because they improve pelvic mobility without placing excessive pressure on the pelvic floor.

Exercise also improves cardiovascular health, which may contribute to better erectile function.

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Lifestyle changes

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Simple lifestyle measures may also improve symptoms.

These include:

• Avoiding prolonged sitting.
• Maintaining a healthy body weight.
• Managing constipation.
• Reducing excessive caffeine if it worsens urinary symptoms.
• Improving sleep quality.
• Managing stress.

Although these changes may appear simple, together they can make a meaningful contribution to long-term symptom control.

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How long does it take for sexual function to improve?

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One of the commonest questions men ask is how quickly they should expect improvement.

Unfortunately, there is no single answer because recovery depends on the underlying causes of symptoms.

Some men notice improvements within 4–8 weeks, particularly when pelvic floor muscle dysfunction is recognised early and treated appropriately.

Others with longstanding symptoms may require several months of multimodal treatment before experiencing sustained improvements.

Recovery is often gradual rather than sudden.

Pain usually improves first.

Urinary symptoms often improve next.

Sexual confidence and erectile function frequently recover progressively as pelvic pain, anxiety and muscle tension decrease.

Understanding that recovery takes time helps set realistic expectations and reduces frustration during treatment.

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What do the European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines recommend?

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The European Association of Urology (EAU) recommends that CPPS should be managed using an individualised multimodal approach.

No single treatment is effective for every patient.

Instead, management should address the dominant symptoms and the factors contributing to them.

Depending on the individual, this may include:

• Pelvic floor physiotherapy.
• Pain management.
• Lifestyle modification.
• Psychological support.
• Alpha-blockers.
• Tadalafil where appropriate.
• Treatment of proven bacterial infection when present.

This approach reflects modern understanding that CPPS involves interactions between the urinary system, nervous system, pelvic floor muscles and psychological wellbeing.

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Consultant urologist specialising in chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), prostatitis and men's sexual health in Sussex, Brighton, Uckfield, Eastbourne and Hastings

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Mr Edward Calleja is a Consultant Urological Surgeon specialising in the assessment and treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), pelvic pain, men's sexual health and urinary symptoms. He regularly manages men experiencing pelvic pain, erectile dysfunction, painful ejaculation, urinary frequency, urinary urgency and prostatitis using an evidence-based, personalised approach.

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Because CPPS rarely has a single cause, assessment focuses on identifying the underlying factors contributing to symptoms, including pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, lower urinary tract symptoms, nerve sensitisation, psychological stress and sexual dysfunction. Management follows the latest European Association of Urology (EAU) guidance and uses a multimodal approach, combining treatments such as pelvic floor physiotherapy, lifestyle modification, targeted medication and pain management where appropriate.

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Mr Calleja provides specialist assessment and treatment for patients across Sussex, Brighton, Lewes, Uckfield, Eastbourne, Hastings and the surrounding South East, with a particular interest in complex prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain and male urinary symptoms.

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Common myths about CPPS and sexual dysfunction

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Myth: CPPS causes permanent erectile dysfunction.

Fact: In many men, erectile dysfunction improves as pelvic pain, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and anxiety are successfully treated. CPPS-related erectile dysfunction is often functional rather than permanent.

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Myth: Pain after ejaculation means the prostate has been permanently damaged.

Fact: Pain after ejaculation usually reflects pelvic floor muscle spasm, inflammation or increased nerve sensitivity rather than permanent damage to the prostate.

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Myth: Low libido means I have low testosterone.

Fact: Most men with CPPS have normal testosterone levels. Reduced libido is more commonly related to chronic pain, poor sleep, stress and anxiety.

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Myth: Sex makes CPPS worse.

Fact: Sexual activity does not damage the prostate. Some men experience temporary symptom flare-ups after ejaculation, while others notice no worsening at all. As symptoms improve, many men return to a normal sex life.

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Myth: Nothing can be done if antibiotics fail.

Fact: Approximately 90–95% of prostatitis cases are CPPS rather than bacterial prostatitis. Modern treatment focuses on pelvic floor rehabilitation, symptom control and multimodal therapy rather than repeated antibiotics.

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Myth: If antibiotics do not work, my symptoms must be permanent.

Fact: Approximately 90–95% of prostatitis diagnoses are CPPS rather than bacterial prostatitis. This means repeated antibiotics are often ineffective because there is no ongoing infection to treat. Modern management focuses on pelvic floor rehabilitation, pain control and a personalised multimodal treatment plan.

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Myth: Erectile dysfunction caused by CPPS is psychological.

Fact: Although anxiety contributes, sexual dysfunction usually results from a combination of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, chronic pain, altered nerve signalling, reduced pelvic blood flow and psychological stress.

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Myth: Pain after ejaculation means the prostate has been permanently damaged.

Fact: Pain after ejaculation usually reflects pelvic floor muscle tension and increased nerve sensitivity rather than permanent injury to the prostate. Many men improve significantly with appropriate treatment.

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Frequently asked questions about CPPS and sexual function

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Can CPPS cause erectile dysfunction?

Yes. Studies report erectile dysfunction in 15–48% of men with CPPS, with pooled analyses estimating an overall prevalence of approximately 29%. The good news is that erectile function often improves as pelvic pain and muscle dysfunction are treated.

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Can CPPS cause painful ejaculation?

Yes. Pain during or after ejaculation affects approximately 25–58% of men with CPPS. It is thought to result from pelvic floor muscle spasm, inflammation and increased nerve sensitivity.

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Can CPPS reduce libido?

Yes. Chronic pain, poor sleep, anxiety and reduced confidence commonly reduce sexual desire even when testosterone levels are normal.

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Can CPPS cause premature ejaculation?

Yes. Around 40% of men with CPPS report premature ejaculation, making it considerably more common than in the general population.

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Can CPPS affect fertility?

Usually not permanently. While inflammation may temporarily affect semen quality in some men, most men with CPPS remain fertile.

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Can CPPS affect testosterone?

Current evidence does not suggest that CPPS directly lowers testosterone levels. Persistent symptoms are more likely to affect energy, mood and libido through chronic pain and stress.

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Can CPPS improve completely?

Yes. Many men experience substantial improvements with an individualised treatment programme. Although symptoms may fluctuate, long-term symptom control is achievable for many patients.

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How long does recovery take?

Recovery varies considerably. Some men notice improvements within 6–12 weeks, while others require several months of multimodal treatment before achieving sustained symptom control.

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Can CPPS cause weak erections even if testosterone is normal?

Yes.

Most men with CPPS have normal testosterone levels. Erectile dysfunction is more commonly related to chronic pelvic pain, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, altered nerve signalling, anxiety and reduced pelvic blood flow than to hormone deficiency.

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Is sexual dysfunction caused by CPPS reversible?

In many men, yes.

Unlike erectile dysfunction caused by permanent nerve injury or severe vascular disease, CPPS-related sexual dysfunction often improves as pelvic pain, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and psychological wellbeing improve.

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Will having sex make CPPS worse?

Not usually.

Sexual activity does not damage the prostate or worsen the underlying condition.

However, some men experience temporary increases in pelvic discomfort or pain after ejaculation during symptom flare-ups.

Others notice no worsening at all.

As treatment becomes effective and pelvic floor muscle tension decreases, many men return to a normal and satisfying sex life.

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Does masturbation make CPPS worse?

There is no convincing evidence that masturbation damages the prostate or causes CPPS.

Some men notice temporary symptom flare-ups after ejaculation, while others experience no change or even temporary symptom relief.

Management should therefore focus on controlling the underlying condition rather than avoiding ejaculation altogether.

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Can cycling make CPPS worse?

Prolonged cycling places pressure on the perineum and pelvic floor.

Some men notice worsening symptoms after long rides, particularly on narrow saddles.

Adjusting saddle design, reducing ride duration or temporarily modifying activity during flare-ups may help reduce symptoms.

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Can stress alone cause erectile dysfunction in CPPS?

Stress rarely acts alone, but it can significantly worsen symptoms.

Chronic stress increases pelvic floor muscle tension, heightens pain perception and makes erections more difficult to achieve, reinforcing the pain–anxiety cycle that characterises CPPS.

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Can chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) affect sexual function? Key points to remember

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Chronic pelvic pain syndrome affects far more than the prostate. It can influence erections, ejaculation, libido, orgasm, confidence and relationships through a combination of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, chronic pain, nerve sensitisation and psychological stress.

The reassuring message is that these changes are often reversible. Modern treatment focuses on identifying the underlying causes of symptoms rather than relying on repeated antibiotics alone. Pelvic floor physiotherapy, lifestyle modification, psychological support and medicines such as tadalafil all have important roles within an evidence-based, multimodal treatment programme.

Understanding why CPPS affects sexual function is often the first step towards recovery. With an accurate diagnosis and an individualised management plan, many men experience significant improvements in both their symptoms and their quality of life.

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