Understanding Prostate Cancer Symptoms
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men in the UK. It develops in the prostate gland, a small organ located below the bladder that plays a role in producing semen.
One of the challenges with prostate cancer is that symptoms often do not appear in the early stages. This means many men may be unaware they have the condition until it is identified through screening tests or routine checks.
Understanding the possible warning signs of prostate cancer can help you seek medical advice at the right time.
Symptoms in the Early Stages
In its early stages, prostate cancer often causes no symptoms at all.
When symptoms of prostate do occur, they are usually mild and can be similar to non-cancerous conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is a common enlargement of the prostate gland as men get older.
Possible early urinary symptoms may include:
- Needing to urinate more frequently, especially at night
- Difficulty starting urination
- Weak or slow urine flow
- A feeling that the bladder has not fully emptied
These symptoms are not specific to cancer and are more often linked to BPH. However, they should still be assessed, particularly in men over 50 or those at higher risk.
More Advanced Symptoms
As prostate cancer progresses, symptoms may become more noticeable.
Signs of more advanced prostate cancer can include:
- Blood in the urine or semen
- Erectile dysfunction
- Persistent pelvic discomfort
- Pain when passing urine
If cancer spreads beyond the prostate gland, it may cause additional symptoms such as:
- Bone pain, particularly in the back, hips or pelvis
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
Bone pain is often associated with advanced prostate cancer, as cancerous cells can spread to the bones.
Who Is at Higher Risk?
Certain men have a higher risk of prostate cancer.
Risk factors include:
- Men age 50 and over
- A family history of prostate cancer
- Black ethnicity
- Genetic factors such as BRCA mutations
As men get older, the risk of prostate cancer increases. This makes awareness and early assessment particularly important.
When Should You Seek Medical Advice?
It is important not to ignore persistent urinary symptoms or other changes.
You should consider seeing a doctor if you experience:
- Ongoing urinary symptoms
- Blood in urine or semen
- Unexplained bone pain
- Erectile dysfunction with no clear cause
Even if symptoms are mild, early assessment can help rule out serious conditions or detect cancer at an earlier stage.
How Is Prostate Cancer Detected?
Because symptoms are often absent in the early stages, screening tests and clinical assessment play an important role.
Initial assessment may include:
PSA Blood Test
A blood test measuring prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels is commonly used.
PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland. Raised PSA levels can indicate prostate cancer, but they may also be linked to benign conditions such as BPH or inflammation.
Digital Rectal Exam
A digital rectal exam allows a clinician to assess the size, shape and texture of the prostate gland.
This examination can help identify abnormalities that may require further investigation.
Further tests may include MRI scans or biopsy if there are concerns about cancerous cells.
Why Early Detection Matters
Prostate cancer detected at an early stage is often highly treatable.
Because symptoms may not appear until the disease has progressed, proactive checks and awareness of risk factors are key.
Men with a higher risk of prostate cancer, particularly those with a family history, should consider discussing screening tests with their doctor even if they feel well.
How Dr Edward Calleja Can Help
Dr Edward Calleja is a Consultant Urologist based in Sussex with extensive experience in diagnosing and managing prostate conditions.
He provides:
- Thorough assessment of symptoms
- PSA blood testing and interpretation
- Digital rectal examination
- Access to further diagnostic tests if required
- Personalised advice based on individual risk
If you have concerns about symptoms of prostate cancer or would like reassurance, early consultation can provide clarity and peace of mind.
Appointments are available in person and online for patients across Sussex and the UK. To arrange a consultation, use the online booking system or contact Dr Calleja’s secretary on 01424 757 458.
